After once again consulting professor Google, these were my results.
These are another two jobs that are whatever you make them. Depending on the scale of production there may be a different amount of people doing the producers job, and the small productions an director can find themselves as the producer. The two jobs can be very interlinked or very separate.
When looking at both roles, it is worth considering whether the producer and director are both independent or attached to a particular theater or company. This can significantly change what they need to do, for example a producer who is attached to a theater doesn't need to hunt around for ticket sellers and such like as there is a good chance they are all ready attached to the theater as well.
There are also differences in roles depending on what kind of production is being put on. A small touring company may find that their producer is very much part of the crew, where as a big west end production may find that their producer is mainly an investor and their are actually different administrative roles with which they come face to face.
Let us define them both roughly.
Theater Producer- They can find the play and possibly where it would be staged, negotiate the rights and other legal issues, hire the director and the production team, market the show, set the schedule, overlooks the production team to make sure they are meeting the directors vision, find the materials needed for the production such as wigs and props, hire the in house staff such as the ticket sellers, once the show is running replace things that wear out and take care of contracts.
Theater Director- Works with the writer on the script, interpreters the script, researches relevant information, considers physical restraints while working with creative and production teams, ties together all the different ideas in the production to create an overall piece.
There are different styles of direction which can in turn influence the type of production. The main styles are the dictator, the negotiator, the creative artist and the conversationalist. A dictator-ish type of direction may work better when the producer is a very separate entity which has a harsh schedule, where as a negotiator really needs a producer who is more flexible and involved.
We can sum up the differences quite broadly as the producers concerns being more practical while the directors are more creative. The producer is also on the project longer, as the director has generally been considered as having done their job after opening night, after which time keeping everything together falls to the stage manager who has the 'bible' which contains the script with all cues and directions.
Let me illustrate their different jobs with parallel timelines.
Producer Director
Develops idea
Raises Money
Budgets, Vague schedule
Hires Director and Production team Possible input into hiring production team
Marketing the show, Schedules rehearsals Works on script, interprets
Casting , Casting
Oversee design team Rehearsals
Previews
Opening night Opening Night
Replace and continue to watch over Production
What you have here is just a possibility, there will be crews with a wildly different template. As you can see the Producer stays with the project much longer, and is the primary diving force. What I find amusing is that marketing is done before casting, which would explain discrepancies between the adverts and the show in some shows.
As you can see int this example from the crucible theater, the marketed photo of the daughter in law in the show of the same name bears distinct differences from the actress who portrayed said daughter in law.
Another difference between the producer and the director is that, as with film, the producer has some financial risk when creating a play. They have got the money that they hope to pay back and have sometimes contributed their own money. They have to have a lot of conviction that the play is going to come off. The director has no such risk, as they will get paid come hell or high tide. The only thing they have at stake is their reputation.
As I have already mentioned the director will probably just be the one person. The producer however is more likely to have their job torn between several people in a larger production. These jobs are split as such:
Production Manager- Oversees technical aspects such as materials needed, wardrobe, lighting etc.
House Manager- Works on ticket sales, Ushering of Patrons, maintaining the building within which the play is taking place, looking after the in house staff
Stage Manager- Makes sure directors ideas are carried out. Compiles and looks after the 'bible' script containing all the stage directions and cues
Most productions will have a separate stage manager as it is quite time consuming. The production and house manager sometimes are one person in smaller productions. In really big production even these can have sub divisions.
Overall the producer initiates the project, then makes sure it is carried through in the correct manner, while the director is hired to create the dramatic piece, often overseeing it in its entirety.
I am no expert on this, all has been gleaned from internet research. If there are any mistakes, please do say. I found this easier to research than Film producers and directors differences, mainly because in theater the producer seems to have less potential to be involved in the creative aspects, so the roles are more easily defined. There is still a lot of overlap though.
Thank you for reading.
Bibliography
Firstly I am going to York University to study History. There is a student TV station there called York TV, which gives you the opportunity to 'get your face on a screen, try out your skills behind a camera, or have a brilliant idea for a show'. The station won the Best Technical Award for a student TV in 2013, which seems quite good to me, and they say that people of any experience can get involved.
After University I will have to focus on what I want to do next, which is scary. As I have taken an Art Foundation, I could potentially get into film through going on to take some sort of art course and specialize in Film making. Most schools of art, such as Glasgow, seem to offer going down the art film root. This is a possibility, but may be too expensive, as it would be nearly completely starting university again.
During the colonial period, Africa was portrayed as having little history, just as a generally exotic place, with notable exceptions such as 'Les Statues Meurant Aussi'. After the colonial period more films were made that explored African heritage and stories. In Nigeria cinema really took off with a value of about $3.5 billion and the nickname 'Nollywood'. Most films made in Nollywood remain straight to video. One notable producer is Teco Benson. He started out as an actor in 1994, but quickly became involved in writing, directing, editing and production. His film 'Explosion' represented Nollywood in Israel in 2006.
Indian film and Bollywood are among the biggest film producers in the world. However after hearing about the rise in Chinese cinema, I thought I may research that. It was after the second world war when cinema was under Japanese control that Chinese cinema began to flourish. Now it is also one of the biggest film industries in the world, in 2013 their gross box being worth $3.6 billion. Run Run Shaw seems to be a prominent name in the industry. After opening a chain of cinemas in China and Malaysia, he started producing films as well as T.V with his brother in a company they called the Shaw Brothers. He became a mogul, on IMDb having his name as producer to 323 credits. He is credited with bringing Kung Fu to the mainstream audiences. The project that he was involved in that most western people will recognize is 'Blade Runner' (1982).
American cinema is the most well known to the average British cinema goer. Its film industry has been dubbed Hollywood, and is the 3rd most prolific creator of films after Bollywood and India. I have chosen to mention Steven Spielberg again as he is the highest grossing producer in recent USA cinema. at $6,468.3 million. He started out as a director, creating classics such as 'Jaws'. He founded Dreamworks studio with Stacey Snider. He continues to be a director and be involved in a high number of cinema releases.
In the early 1940's and 1950's Latin American films were popular in Hollywood. This popularity has waned slightly, but South America still exports a lot of talent, such as directors Guillermo Del Toro and Alfonzo Curon. A notable producer is Alejandro González Iñárritu. Starting out as a radio host, then moving on to direction. In the 1990's he set up his own production company called Zeta Films. He produced his own films in 2000, and was nominated for an Oscar for 'Babel' (2007). 
Australia/ Oceania
The Lumiere brothers disputably created film in Europe. As I am British I am going to focus on British cinema in this section. The Golden age was the 1940's with British films very popular around the world. Britain continues to have a fairly respectable output, managing to produce Blockbusters such as 'James Bond' and 'Harry Potter'. I am going to look at David Heyman, who struck gold in managing to be producer for the 'Harry Potter' franchise. He started out as a production assistant, then became a producer, founding Heyday Films. He has other big films on his hands such as 'The Boy in the Striped Pajamas' (2008) and 'Gravity' (2013).
Born in 1946 in Ohio, he started out as a director, making hits such as Jaws. He first started producing in 1961 with a short called 'Escape to Nowhere'. Spielberg is at times also one of those director-producer people who I have mentioned now and again. He is now has 138 credits on IMDb, a large proportion of those in films. He is one of the highest grossing producers with $6,468.2 million to his name. He is also high on the very famous producer list, with his face popping up first on the Google most searched producers. He formed Dreamworks studio along with Stacy Snider, which has been a part of many classics such as Shrek. The reason he made it onto my list is because he is so unbelievably successful as a producer.
He is not on the Google most searched producer list, but most of the biggest producer lists which shows how much Google knows. Born in 1943 in Washington and brought up in Alaska, he started out working at Paramount. He worked his way up to president of production, then left to be a producer with Jerry Breckheimer. Together they produced many popular films such as 'Beverly Hill Cops'. An attempted partnership with Paramount failed dramatically but the subsequent partnership with Disney fared a little better. In 1996 he died with 21 different drugs in his system. He made it onto my list for being successful, and because most people count him as influential on their lists
Born in Michigan, also in 1943, Bruckheimer started out with a Pepsi advert, made it onto producing T.V with his biggest success being 'CSI'. He produced a few films such as 'Cat People, got noticed by Hollywood, then started producing with Don Simpson. Bruckheimer became the part of the duo with the contacts. After Simpson died while making 'The Rock' (which ended up being dedicated to him) Bruckheimer went on to produce very successful films, including 'Pirates of the Caribbean'. He is said to have grossed $4681.8 million, have brought $13 billion to Hollywood and earn $120 million a year.
Born in New York in 1928, he is a character most will have heard of. Starting out as a photographer, he then made short documentaries, creating 'Fear and Desire', his first feature film in 1953. Although primarily a director, he produced films such as 'The shining' which are never far away from our public consciousnesses when we think about film. He grossed $368,994,651 worldwide. He died in 1999 in England.
Everyone knows about Walt Disney and his empire. Born in 1901 in Chicago, he started out making shorts with Ub Iwerks. Unfortunately they were soon bankrupt. At Hollywood he managed to develop new cartoons with Oswald the Lucky Rabbit starring, but this character's rights and all its animators were stolen from him by a rival couple. Disney then developed Micky Mouse, gaining huge success. In 1937 he produced the 'folly' that was the immensely successful 'Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs'. He went on to produce a huge amount of animated and non animated films and even developed theme parks. He died in 1966 age 65. What makes him so important as a producer is that his Disney company continues to be one of the biggest studios, grossing $36,853,643,730 with films with inflation factored in. As a producer that managed to create a franchise, he must be considered successful.
